Telegraph system



May 29, 1934. M H WQQDWARD 1,960,425

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM Filed Jan. 23, 1932 FIG. I

INVENTOR MARION H. WOODWARD BY ATTORNE Patented May 29, 1934 TELEGRAPH SYSTEM Marion H. Woodward, Brooklyn, N. .L, assignor to International Communications Laboratories,

Inc., Newark, N. J a corporation of New York Application January 23, 1932, Serial No. 588,372

Claims.

This invention relates to telegraph systems, and more particularly to telegraph repeaters.

It is well known that submarine or cable telegraphy relates to a field of signalling definitely and clearly distinguishable from land or wireless signalling. The fundamental difierences inherent in the two contrasted fields is, in general, due to the marked difference in the electrical characteristics of submarine cables on the one hand when 10 compared to land lines on the other.

Formerly, whenever it was found necessary to operate a cable code system in conjunction with a radio circuit, or a radio circuit in conjunction with a cable code system, it was found that the a only practical method of doing so was to copy the signals as received from one system and to perforate or translate, manually, the received copy into the code of the associated system, using tape or other means therefor. Thus, the cable code signals were copied and reperforated by the operator on a Wheatstone perforator which reproduction of the signals was then used to transmit radio signals, and vice versa.

The principal object of this invention is to provide an improved apparatus for effectively repeating signals between land lines and submarine cables.

In this invention this translation is performed by means for automatically reperforating a new tape. Thus the radio signals, received in continental Wheatstone signals, actuate a cable code perforator for reproducing cable code tape. This tape when run through a cable code transmitter will produce the three-element cable signals. A system is also provided whereby the incoming cable code signals are used to actuate a perforator to produce tape perforated in the Wheatstone code which, when subsequently run through a Wheatstone transmitter, produces the two-element Wheatstone signals.

This invention may best be understood by referring to the accompanying drawing which forms a part of this specification and which diagrammatically illustrates organizations of apparatus and circuits for realizing the above objects.

Fig. 1 shows schematically means for perforating cable code signal tape from received Wheatstone signals. The perforator, not being a part or this invention, is shown diagrammatically only.

Fig. 2 shows diagrammatically means for perforating Wheatstone signal tape from received cable code signals. Here again the perforator, not being a part of the invention, is shown die. grammatically only.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 1, ref

erence character 1 represents the receiving relay, the dash and dot relays are represented by numerals 2 and 3 respectively, while 4 is the space relay. Associated with the dash and dot relays are the dash selecting relay 8 and the dot selecting relay 7, respectively, for selecting the respective punches of the tape punching mechanism, namely, dash magnet 9 and the dot magnet 10. The space relay 4 has associated with it relay 5, tuned to vibrate at dot frequency, associated with which relay is the reperforator operating relay 6 to the spacing contact of which is connected feed magnet 12, while punch magnet 11 of the tape punching mechanism is connected to its marking contact. The receiving relay 1 is actuated by the incoming Wheatstone signals and, in turn, operates the three other relays, space relay 4, dot relay 3, and dash relay 2. The windings of the dash relay are shunted by a suitable resistance 19, so that this relay will not operate on the short dot impulses, but will operate on the longer dash impulses. The space relay 4 responds to both types of impulses. When no signals are being received, all three relays are restored to their spacing contacts by their bias, either electrical or mechanical.

As the received dots and dashes are distinguished from each other by their length, means is provided in the dot relay tongue circuit to prevent selection being made on the reperforator dot magnet in the case of the dots until this relay returns to its spacing contact. This is the function of condenser 13 which is charged and discharged by the movement of the tongue of dot relay 3. In the case of the dash impulse, the selection of the dash relay is made as soon as the dash relay is moved to its marking contact. These selections are made in the following manner:

Assuming dot impulses are being received, the dot relay tongue is alternately moved to its marking contact and returns to its spacing contact. Under perfect adjustment of the dash relay shunt, the dash relay will not move from its spacing contact when dots are received. At the time the dot relay tongue has moved to its marking contact, a circuit is established for charging the condenser 13 from positive battery through the condenser, the tongue and marking contact of the dot relay, the tongue and the spacing contact of the dash relay to negative battery. When the dot relay tongue returns to its spacing contact, this condenser is discharged through the winding of the dot selecting relay '7, and the winding 14 of the reperiorator operating relay 6. When this latter relay is moved to its marking contact, the punch magnet 11 is energized and as the dot selecting magnet 10 is operated at the same time, a dot is punched. When the condenser 13 is completely discharged, both the dot selecting relay 7 andthe reperforator operating relay 6 are returned to their spacing contacts by an electrical or mechanical bias. When the reperforator operating relay 6 returns to its spacing contact, a circuit is established for operating the feed magnet 12 which steps the perforated tape one center hole. The perforated tape is not shown in the diagram as it is deemed unnecessary and would serve to unduly complicate the drawings. When operating on dots, the dash relay tongue may move away from its contact, but it must not be moved the whole distance to its marking contact, for this would cause a dash to be selected. This can be allowed for by adjusting resistance 9 to a suitable value.

For operating on dash impulses, the following is the sequence of operations:

The dot relay tongue is moved to its marking contact and the condenser 13 is charged as before. Immediately after this charging action occurs, the dash relay tongue is moved to its marking contact, and the condenser 13 is discharged through the winding of the dash selecting relay 8 and the winding 14 of the reperforator operating relay 6. When this latter relay is moved to its marking contact at this time the dash hole is punched becaused of the energization of the punch magnet 11. After the condenser 13 is fully discharged, both relays 8 and 6 are returned to their spacing contacts and the perforator operating relay 6 actuates the feed magnet 12 which steps the tape one center hole.

When no signals are incoming, which condition corresponds to space impulses, it is necessary that the reperforator mechanism punch feed holes, only, to indicate a space between letters and spaces between words. This function is accomplished by means of the relay 5 which is tuned to vibrate at approximately dot frequency. This vibrating circuit is established whenever the space relay 4 is on its spacing contact. When the vibrating relay 5 is moved to its marking contact, the reperforator operating relay 6 is also moved to its marking contact and the punch magnet 11 is operated and punches a feed hole only. When the vibrating relay tongue is pulled back to its spacing contact by its bias, the perforator operating relay 6 is also restored to its spacing contact and actuates the feed magnet 12.

Thus it is seen that a relatively slow-operating relay when used in the position indicated by dash relay 2 will be of great advantage in this circuit. Furthermore, the vibrating relay should be tuned to vibrate at approximately the dot frequency in order to insure correct spacing between letters and words.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 2, reference characters 23, 24, and 22 represent the dot relay, space relay and dash relay respectively. They are energized by current coming from regenerative circuits associated with the usual dot and dash receiving relays, well known in cable code receiving apparatus. As in Fig. 1, space relay 24 has associated with it vibrating relay 25, tuned to vibrate at dot frequency, the marking contact of which is associated with winding 43 of the reperforator operating relay 26. Associated with the dash and dot relays are the dash selecting relay 28 and the dot selecting relay 2'7 respectively, for selecting the respective punches of the tape punching mechanism, namely, the dash magnet 39 an the dot magnet 40. Reperforator operating relay 26 has its spacing contact which is connected to feed magnet 42 while punch magnet 41 of the tape punching mechanism is connected to its marking contact.

This method is based on the use of a regenerator for interpolating the cable code signals. If a regenerator is not used, an interpolating relay adapted to break the signals up into their individual components will be necessary.

The operation of this circuit on dot signals will be as follows:

The dot regenerator output will operate the tongue of the dot relay 23 to its marking contact, at which time a circuit will be established through the dash selecting relay 28, through the winding 45 of the reperforator operating relay 26 and the dot selecting relay 27. This circuit will cause both a dot and dash to be selected and the reperforator punch magnet 41 to be operated, punching both the dot and the dash holes. When the dot relay 23 is restored to its spacing contact, the three relays 26, 2'7 and 28 will be restored also to their spacing contacts, at which time the feed mechanism 42 is operated and steps the tape one center hole. For dash signals the dash relay will be operated by the dash regenerator output and when this relay 22 is moved to its marking contact, a circuit is established from positive battery through the condenser 21, the tongue and marking contact of the dash relay 22, the winding 46 of the reperforator operating relay 26 and the winding of the dot selecting relay 2'7. This will cause a dot to be selected and the punch magnet 41 to be operated, thus punching a dot impulse. When the condenser 21 is fully charged, both of these latter relays will be returned to their spacing contacts and cause the tape to be fed forward one center hole. When the tongue of the dash relay 22, returns to its spacing contact, the condenser 21 is then discharged through the winding 44 of the reperforator operating relay 26 and the dash selecting relay 28, causing a dash to be punched. When the condenser 21 becomes fully discharged, both relays 26 and 28 return to their spacing contacts and the tape is fed forward one center hole. Thus it may be seen that whenever a dash impulse is received the reperforator relay 26 is operated twice, one to punch a dot hole and the second time to punch a dash hole. In order to provide the spaces between letters and between words, an additional relay called the Space relay 24 is connected in series with the dash relay 22. Whenever spaces occur the dot relay 23 and the space relay 24 are on their spacing contacts, at which time a circuit is established from positive battery through the tongue and spacing contact of the dot relay 23, the spacing contact and tongue of the space relay 24, through the winding of the vibrating relay 25 shunted by a condenser 30, through the spacing contact and tongue of the vibrating relay 25 to negative battery, which causes this relay to vibrate. Whenever the vibrating relay tongue is on its marking contact, a circuit is established for operating the reperforating relay 26 through winding 43 which causes a center hole to be punched. When the reperforator relay 26 returns to its spacing contact, the tape is fed one center hole.

As the dash on the Wheatstone tape is two center holes in length, the rate of operation of the reperforator relay will be doubled whenever a dash signal is received. If this is to be avoided, then a Wheatstone punch block, well known in the art, may be used in connection with the reperforator. With this addition to the reperforator, an incoming cable dot will punch a dot and a dash and feed the tape one center hole, while the incoming cable dashes will punch a dot above one center hole or" the tape and a dash below the next center hole, and subsequently feed the tape two center holes on one operation. This will require changes in the reperforator mechanism, in the selecting and feed mechanism, so as to provide a diiierential feed for the tape. This can readily be provided for and arranged by any one versed in the telegraph art.

What is claimed is:

1. In a telegraph receiving system, a line, means for receiving over said line Wheatstone code signals having plus and minus elements, a dot relay, a slow-operating dash relay and a spacing relay operatively associated with said means and having associated therewith a dot selecting, a dash selecting and a vibrating relay respectively, and a cable-code tape perforator operatively associated with said selecting and vibrating relays, said dot and spacing relays being operated on the reception of a Wheatstone dot signal to cause the perforator to record a cable-dot signal, said dot, dash and spacing relays being operated on the reception of a Wheatstone dash signal to cause the perforator to record a cable-dash signal.

2. In a telegraph receiving system, a line, means for receiving over said line Wheatstone code signals having plus and minus elements, a dot relay, a slow-operating dash relay and a spacing relay operatively associated with said means and having associated therewith a dot selecting, a dash selecting and a vibrating relay respectively, a cable-code tape pe'rforator operatively associated with said selecting and vibrating relays, and a condenser adapted to be charged upon the operation of said dot relay and effective upon its discharge to operate said periorator, said dot and spacing relays being operated on the reception of a Wheatstone dot signal to cause the perforator to record a cable-dot signal, said dot, dash and 'l spacing relays being operated on the reception of a Wheatstone dash signal to cause the perforator to record a cable-dash signal.

3. In a telegraph receiving system, the combination of means for receiving signals said means comprising a dot signal response relay, a dash signal response relay, and a spacing relay having a dot selecting, a selecting and a vibrating relay respectively operatively associated therewith, an operating circuit for the dash selecting relay controlled by the dash signal re sponse relay, an operating circuit for the dot selecting relay controlled by the dot signal response relay, a tape perforator operating relay included in each of said operating circuits and having an operating circuit controlled solely by said vibrating relay.

4. In a telegraph receiving system, the combination of means for receiving signals said means comprising a dot signal response relay, a

' dash signal response relay, and a spacing relay having a dot selecting, a dash selecting and a vibrating relay respectively operatively associated therewith, an operating circuit for the dash selecting relay controlled by the dash signal response relay, an operating circuit for the dot selecting relay controlled by the dot signal response relay, a tape perforator operating relay included in each of said operating circuits, each relay having spacing and marking contacts, an

' operating circuit for the vibrating relay including the spacing contact of the spacing relay, and an operating circuit for the tape perforator op erating relay completed through the marking contact of said vibrating relay only when the spacing contact of said spacing relay is closed.

5. In a telegraph receiving system, the combination of means for receiving signals said means comprising a dot signal response relay, a dash signal response relay, and a spacing relay having a dot selecting, a dash selectingand a vibrating relay respectively operatively associated therewith, a tape perforator operating relay, an operating circuit for the dot signal response, dash signal response and spacing relays common thereto, means for making the dash signal response relay slow operating whereby it responds to dash but not to clot signals, each relay having spacing and marking contacts, a condenser, a circuit including the marking contact of the dot signal response relay closed upon each response thereof for charging said condenser, an operating circuit for the dot selecting and the tape perforator operating relays, and means including the spacing contact of the dot signal response relay for including the charged condenser in said operating circuit when the received signal is a dot, an operating circuit for the dash selecting and tape perforator operating relays, and means including the marking contact of the dash signal response relay for including the charged condenser in said last mentioned operating circuit when the received signal is a dash, and an operating circuit for the tape perforator operating relay controlled solely by said vibrating relay.

6. In a telegraph receiving system, according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the circuit over which said condenser is charged includes the spacing contact of the dash signal response relay.

7. In a telegraph receiving system, the combination of means for receiving signals comprising a dot signal response relay, a dash signal response relay and a spacing relay having a dot selecting, a dash selecting, and a vibrating relay respectively operatively associated therewith, an operating circuit controlled by the dot signal response relay and containing windings of the dot and dash selecting relays, a first operating circuit controlled by the dash signal response relay and containing a winding of the dot selecting relay, a second operating circuit controlled by the dash signal response relay and including a winding of the dash selecting relay, a tape perforator operating relay included in each of said operating circuits and having an operating circuit controlled by said vibrating relay independently of said dot and dash signal response and selecting relays, and means co-operating with said relays for causing the simultaneous operation of the dot and dash selecting and the tape perforator operating relays lrpon response of the dot signal response relay and for causing, upon response of the dash signal response relay, the simultaneous operation of one of said selecting relays and said tape perforator operating relay followed by the simultaneous operation of the other of said selecting relays and the tape perforator operating relay.

8. In a telegraph receiving system, the combination of means for receiving signals comprising a dot signal response relay, a dash signal response relay and a spacing relay having a dot selecting, a dash selecting and a vibrating relay respectively operatively associated therewith, an

operating circuit controlled by the dot signal response relay and containing windings of the dot and dash selecting relays, a first operating circuit controlled by the dash signal response relay and containing a winding of the dot selecting relay, a second operating circuit controlled by the dash signal response relay and including a winding of the dash selecting relay, a tape perforator operating relay included in each of said operating circuits and having an operating circuit controlled by said vibrating relay independently of said dot and dash signal response and selecting relays, whereby upon the response of the dot signal re sponse relay to marking position the selecting relays and the tape perforator operating relay operate simultaneously and upon the response of the dash signal response relay to marking position one of said selecting relays and the tape perforator operating relay are simultaneously operated, and means rendered effective upon movement of the dash signal response relay to marking position to cause upon subsequent movement of said relay to spacing position the simultaneous operation of the other selecting relay and the tape perforator operating relay.

9. In a telegraph receiving system, the combination of means for receiving signals compris ing a dot signal response relay, a dash signal response relay and aspacing relay having a dot selecting, a dash selecting, and a vibrating relay respectively operatively associated therewith, an operating circuit controlled by the dot signal response relay and containing windings of the dot and dash selecting relays, a first operating circuit controlled by the dash signal response relay and containing a winding of the dot selecting relay, a second operating circuit controlled by the dash signal response relay and including a winding of the dash selecting relay, a tape perforator operat ing relay included in each of said operating circuits and having an operating circuit controlled by said vibrating relay independently of said dot and dash signal response and selecting relays, whereby upon the response of the dot signal response relay to marking position the selecting relays and the tape perforator operating relay operate simultaneously, the response of the dash signal response relay to marking position causing the closure of the first-mentioned operating circuit whereby the dot selecting and tape perforator operating relays are simultaneously operated, a condenser charged over said last-mentioned operating circuit when the dot signal response relay is in marking position and thereafter discharged over said second-mentioned operating circuit when the dot signal response relay is in spacing position whereby the dash selecting and tape perforator operating relays are simultaneously operated.

10. In a telegraph receiving system, the combination of means for receiving signals said means comprising a dot signal response relay, a dash signal response relay, and a spacing relay having a dot selecting, a dash selecting and a vibrating relay respectively operatively associated therewith, an operating circuit for the dash selecting relay controlled by the dash signal response relay, an operating circuit for the dot selecting relay controlled by the dot signal response relay, a tape perforator operating relay included in each of said operating circuits and having an operating circuit controlled by said vibrating relay independently of said signal response and selecting relays.

MARION H. WQODWARD. 

